小遥17岁

President, PM, others remember Mulayam_我的网站

A |     “谈到‘霸凌’，我们一般会想到主要以学校为舞台的、欺凌者和受害者均为学生的情况。

B | 而说起‘成年人的霸凌’，我们脑海里又会浮现出什么呢？乡下的村落社会、亲戚间的交往、近邻间的交往、PTA（Parent-Teacher Association，家长教师协会）……也许还有人会想到网络社交平台上掀起的对知名人士的攻击。这就告诉我们，即便是成年人之间，也会在各种场所或组织内发生霸凌现象。

C | ”                    日本学者坂仓升平的这段话，揭示了“霸凌”在社会生活中的无处不在，它绝对不是未成年人的专利，事实上，未成年人的霸凌，正是从成人社会中学习模仿而来。    New Delhi, Oct 10 (UNI) After a prolonged illness, Samajwadi Party founder and former Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Mulayam Singh Yadav passed away on Monday at the age of 82. President Droupadi Murmu calls him "Dharti Putra" as Prime Minister Narendra Modi and other leaders across party lines remember him.

President Murmu tweeted: "The death of Shri Mulayam Singh Yadav is an irreparable loss to the country.

"The achievements of Mulayam Singh Yadav ji, who came from an ordinary environment, were extraordinary.

"'Dharti Putra' Mulayam ji was a veteran leader associated with the land. He was respected by people of all parties. My deepest condolences to his family members and supporters!"

Considered close to the late SP chief, Modi tweeted: "Shri Mulayam Singh Yadav Ji was a remarkable personality. He was widely admired as a humble and grounded leader who was sensitive to people’s problems. He served people diligently and devoted his life towards popularising the ideals of Loknayak JP and Dr. Lohia", along with some file photos of the two leaders.

"Mulayam Singh Yadav Ji distinguished himself in UP and national politics. He was a key soldier for democracy during the Emergency. As Defence Minister, he worked for a stronger India. His Parliamentary interventions were insightful and emphasised on furthering national interest.

"I had many interactions with Mulayam Singh Yadav Ji when we served as Chief Ministers of our respective states. The close association continued and I always looked forward to hearing his views. His demise pains me. Condolences to his family and lakhs of supporters. Om Shanti," Modi said.

Announcing three days state mourning on his predecssor's death, Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath tweeted: "The demise of former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Shri Mulayam Singh Yadav ji is extremely sad.

"His death marked the end of a major pillar of socialism and a struggling era." Adityanath spoke to Mulayam Singh's son Akhilesh Yadav on the phone and also said: "His last rites will be performed with full state honours."

Union Home Minister Amit Shah expressed his condolences to Singh's family and supporters. "In this hour of grief. May God give place to the departed soul at his feet", he tweeted.

"Mulayam Singh Yadav ji remained active in politics for decades with his unique political skills. During the Emergency, he raised his voice for the restoration of democracy. He will always be remembered as a grassroots mass leader. His death marks the end of an era in Indian politics," Shah said.

DMK chief and Tamil Nadu CM MK Stalin tweeted: Saddened by the demise of former CM of UP and senior leader of @samajwadiparty Thiru. Mulayam Singh.

"One of the tallest figures in Indian Politics who stood for reservation for the OBC, Thiru Mulayam Singh was deeply committed to secular ideals. His death is an irreparable loss."

CPM General Secretary Sitaram Yechury tweeted: "The champion of the interests of the marginalised and backward: Shri Mulayam Singh Yadav ji steadfastly fought against religious bigotry at a crucial time for India, upholding the unity and integrity of India. Deepest condolences."

BSP chief and Mulayam's long-time rival in the state, Mayawati, tweeted: "Very sad news of the passing away of veteran Samajwadi Party leader and former Chief Minister of UP Shri Mulayam Singh Yadav ji today. My deepest condolences to his family and all well wishers. May nature give them all the strength to bear this sorrow."

Congress leaders Jairam Ramesh, Shashi Tharoor also tweeted.

Ramesh: "Mulayam Singh Yadav was a stalwart Lohiaite but had admirers across political spectrum. His tenures as CM of UP were very consequential. He played a key national role on 2 occasions: Deve Gowda & Gujral govts as Defence Min,& in 2002 when he proposed APJ Abdul Kalam for President."

Tharoor: "Profound condolences to @yadavakhilesh on the passing of his eminent father Mulayam Singh Yadav ji. I had met the former DefenceMinister at the @UN & subsequently exchanged thoughts with him at the LokSabha. A political giant has passed. A great loss to all Indians. OM Shanti."

Tharoor also said:"As a mark of respect for the late Mulayam Singh Yadav ji I am cancelling my Lucknow programme today."

NCP MP Supriya Sule tweeted: "Deeply saddened to hear about the demise of Former Union Defence Minister and Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Mulayam Singh Yadav Ji. Netaji was one of the tallest socialist leader our country has seen."

Shiv Sena MP Priyanka Chaturvedi tweeted: "My heartfelt condolences to Shri Akhilesh Yadav, the Yadav family family, all members of Samajwadi Party & its supporters on the passing of stalwart leader & Fmr CM of UP, Shri Mulayam Singh Yadav ji. He leaves behind a huge legacy of work&service. He will be hugely missed."

Shiromani Akali Dal chief Sukhbir Singh Badal tweeted: "The nation has lost a doyen in the passing away of Shri Mulayam Singh Yadav ji. A socialist icon, he will be known for empowering the under-privileged. My heartfelt condolences to @yadavakhilesh & the entire Samajwadi family."

Top businessman Gautam Adani tweeted: "Saddened that Shri Mulayam Singh Yadav is no more. His contributions in laying the foundations for a stronger India and expansive UP will be long remembered. A rare titan, MSY will be missed. My deepest condolences to Shri Akhilesh Yadav and family."

Mulayam Singh died at the Medanta Hospital in Gurugram following multiple organ failure, according to reports.

He was one of the most prominent leaders of Uttar Pradesh and had served as the chief minister of the state thrice besides serving in the Union government as the defence minister. He was elected 10 times as MLA and 7 times as Lok Sabha MP.

UNI ING。

D |                    坂仓升平在《害怕工作的理由》一书中，试图聚焦于“成年人的霸凌”中的“职场霸凌”。                   他举了一个案例——日本神户市立东须磨小学事件。在这起事件中，四名教师以同事中的一名二十几岁的男性教师为主要攻击对象，强迫其吃超辣咖喱、将其关在校内放置杂物的小屋内、以职业摔跤比赛中的招式对其实施攻击等。经调查委员会调查，认定在这起案件中有多达125种欺凌行为。                   坂仓升平列举了调查报告中记录的一部分欺凌行为：                    对受害教师使用“渣滓、废物、滚、去死、恶心、无用的家伙、蠢货、粪便、秃子”之类的辱骂词汇。                   用胶带捆绑受害教师并弃之于教室不管。将其关在校舍屋顶杂物间的二楼或体育馆中。                   在受害教师的包内放入空瓶、冰块，在其桌子上放置垃圾、冰块等。                   在安全防范培训时，不顾受害教师的疼痛，依然对其施加关节技（柔道中的招式之一）。

E | 另一天，则对其施加摔投技（Giant Swing，职业摔跤比赛中的招式）。                   在清扫泳池时，抓住受害教师的手脚将其扔进泳池。                   在体育用品仓库内，用黏合剂或者洗衣物用的上浆剂涂满受害教师的头发和衣服，并“这样才帅气”等。                   在烧烤聚会时，让受害教师喝下超辣酱汁。                   在家庭课教室中举办“超辣咖喱会”，将超辣咖喱涂抹在受害教师的嘴唇上和眼睛下面，并令其吃下超辣咖喱。在第二次“超辣咖喱会”中，甚至反剪其双臂，用勺子强行喂食超辣咖喱。                   随意输入密码，导致受害教师无法打开自己的手机。                   ……                         坂仓升平认为，这一案例虽然典型，但绝非孤例。在日本职场中，存在大量霸凌行为，只是程度有所差异。                   在该事件的调查报告中，对霸凌行为的出现有一系列分析，将加害教师的个人素质、作为管理者的现任校长及前任校长的责任、学校独特风气、外部咨询服务窗口的缺失、霸凌问题的相关培训不充分等都列为原因。而坂仓升平最为注意的一条原因，是“教师工作繁忙”。                   工作过于繁忙，长时间超负荷劳动，使得教师压力巨大，每个人都在无意中寻求发泄压力的出口。这种职场机制被坂仓升平视为职场霸凌产生的重要背景，而且不仅仅出现在这家学校，而是普遍存在于日本社会。                   根据日本厚生劳动省相关统计，“霸凌/骚扰”相关咨询在劳动类咨询中已连续9年位列第一。2020年的数据显示，该类咨询共计79190件，比位居第二的“自身原因辞职”（39498件）和位居第三的“解雇”（37826件）加起来还要多。

F | 而且，这一数据已剔除“大型企业职场中的职权骚扰”相关咨询18363件。相比之下，2011年的霸凌和骚扰咨询数量合计也只有45939件，换言之，十年时间实现了成倍增长。                   坂仓升平在总结了多年来介入职场霸凌案例的经验后，认为日本“还存在职场环境导致劳动者的精神发生巨大变化，以及某人既是霸凌的受害者同时又是霸凌的加害者的案例。”而且，“很多情况下，职场霸凌是由于与员工的身心健康和工作质量相比，公司更优先考虑短期利益，以及让员工变得更加服从。”坂仓升平将这种现象称为“经营服从型霸凌”。                   职场霸凌的增多，与经济下行关系很大。

G | 在经济上行期，人们的选择机会更多，“东家不打打西家”可以实现，这就使得霸凌很难长时间持续，被霸凌者往往有机会也有底气选择离开。但经济泡沫破灭后，日本企业用工逻辑出现变化，传统式的“年功序列”“终身雇用”制度日渐式微。

H | 企业不再需要为长期培养员工而花费心思，开始大量招募新人，形成买方市场。雇主自然会通过糟糕的劳动条件筛选员工，要求员工尽可能长时间廉价工作，最终留下那些能忍受长时间劳动和无偿加班的人。                   《害怕工作的理由》分析了职场霸凌的种种形态，它有可能是个人行为、小团体行为，也有可能是雇主行为。除了人身攻击、身体暴力、精神虐待之外，还有人际关系切断（社交排斥），在工作层面则有过度要求（不可能完成的任务）和过低要求（大量无意义的工作），此外还有隐私侵犯（个人信息的过度监控）。很多时候，个人行为的霸凌会得到企业默许甚至纵容，这成为了一种“管理手段”。                   中国职场人读这本书，感受会更为深刻，甚至有可能觉得日本职场的霸凌太过小儿科，自己则经历了书中所有“霸凌项目”。

I | 比如隐私侵犯和大量无意义的工作，在我们职场简直是家常便饭。                   坂仓升平将职场霸凌归结为资本主义的痼疾，但从全球范围的状况来看，这个结论即使有道理，也不够充分，因为在资本主义世界里，日本韩国的剥削程度远远高于欧洲国家。而我们社会现在的“牛马”状态，甚至比日本更为严重。                   所以，我更倾向于这是东亚的魔咒，东亚文化里对等级制度、尊卑的强调、对服从的看重，还有整个社会的从众要求，都与正常职场应有的形态相悖，也是滋生霸凌的温床。                   本文来自微信公众号：那些原本是废话的常识，作者：叶克飞，编辑：二蛋。

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